PRESENT PERFECT AFFIRMATIVE, NEGATIVE WH- QUESTION.

Present perfect

The present perfect is used to indicate a link between the present and the past. The time of the action is before now but not specified, and we are often more interested in the result than in the action itself.

The Present Perfect Tense is formed using the following structure:

Affirmative: Subject + Have / Has + Past Participle

Subject	Have	Past  Participle	Rest of the Sentence
I	have	studied	for the exam.
You	have	bought	a new computer.
He	has	eaten	my chocolate.
She	has	written	an e-mail.
It	has	been	cold this month.
We	have	won	the championship.
You	have	tried	to learn a lot.
They	have	forgotten	my birthday.

• I have finished my degree - He terminado mi carrera. 
• She has broken up with her boyfriend - Ella ha roto con su novio. 
• They have phoned my mother - Ellos han llamado a mi madre. 

Negative 

Negative: Subject + Haven't / Hasn't + Past Participle

The contraction of the perfect tense in negative form is:
Have not = Haven't
Has not = Hasn't

Subject	Have	Past Participle	Rest of the Sentence
I	haven't	studied	for the exam.
You	haven't	bought	a new computer.
He	hasn't	eaten	my chocolate.
She	hasn't	written	an e-mail.
It	hasn't	been	cold this month.
We	haven't	won	the championship.
You	haven't	tried	to learn a lot.
They	haven't	forgotten	my birthday.

EXAMPLE 

• I haven't worked as a teacher - Yo no he trabajado como profesor. 
• He hasn't been there during the presentation - Él no ha estado aquí durante la presentación. 
• We haven't seen my grandmother for one month - No hemos visto a mi abuela durante un mes. 

Question 
Question: Have / Has + Subject + Past Participle

Have	Subject	Past Participle	Rest of the Sentence
Have	I	been	chosen for the team?
Have	you	bought	a new car?
Has	he	eaten	my sandwich?
Has	she	written	the letter?
Has	it	started	on time?
Have	we	won	a trophy?
Have	you	kept	my secret?
Have	they	driven	there?

EXAMPLE 

• Has she studied medicine? - ¿Ella ha estudiado medicina?
• Have you read this book? - ¿Has leído este libro?
• Have they come by car? - ¿Han venido en coche?

EXERCISES